. Maclean's 1997 and 2011 scholarly surveys ranked him twice as the fifth best Canadian prime minister, and in 2016, the fourth best. Nathan Nemetz and Pierre Trudeau (receiving honorary degree), Lt. Gov. [50], Upon arrival in Ottawa, Trudeau was appointed as Prime Minister Lester Pearson's parliamentary secretary, and spent much of the next year travelling abroad, representing Canada at international meetings and bodies, including the United Nations. [31], Trudeau's Harvard dissertation was on the topic of communism and Christianity. Until 1951 he worked in the Privy Council Office of the Liberal Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent as an economic policy advisor. [93] In a speech in December 1968, Trudeau asked: "Can we assume Russia wants war because it invaded Czechoslovakia?". Several world politicians, including former US President Jimmy Carter and Fidel Castro, attended the funeral. Trudeau died on Sept. 28, 2000. Trudeau himself was elected in the safe Liberal riding of Mount Royal, in Montreal. Pierre Trudeau died on the 28th of September 2000, which was a Thursday. [23] Although the National Resources Mobilization Act, enacted in 1940, originally provided that conscripts could not be required to serve outside of Canada,[29] in 1942 Parliament amended the act and removed that restriction. Trudeau's foreign policy included making Canada more independent; he patriated the Constitution and established the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, actions that achieved full Canadian sovereignty. In other domestic policy, Trudeau pioneered official bilingualism and multiculturalism, fostering a pan-Canadian identity. [165] His opposition to both accords was considered one of the major factors leading to the defeat of the two proposals. [117] Trudeau hoped would be the Framework Agreement would be the first step towards a Canadian-EEC free trade agreement, but the EEC proved to be uninterested in free trade with Canada. In fact, Trudeau's vision was to see Canada as a bilingual confederation in which all cultures would have a place. The image of the defiant prime minister impressed the public. [91] Halstead stated that Trudeau viewed foreign policy as "only for dabbing", saying he much preferred domestic affairs. [177], On March 4, 1971, while Prime Minister, Trudeau quietly married 22-year-old Margaret Sinclair, who was 29 years younger, at St. Stephen's Roman Catholic parish church in North Vancouver. "[15] In his 1993 Memoir, Trudeau wrote that the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 and his father's death were the two "great bombshells" that marked his teenage years. He won his bid to become a Canada's prime minister as the leader of the Liberal Party. Lawyer, professor, author and defender of human rights this statesman served as Prime Minister of Canada for fifteen years. He was "appalled at the narrow nationalism in his native French-speaking Quebec, and the authoritarianism of the province's government. Stanfield proposed the immediate introduction of wage and price controls to help end the increasing inflation Canada was currently facing. As per our current Database, Pierre Trudeau died on Sep 28, 2000 (age 80). [76], As the PQ began to take power, Trudeau faced the prolonged failure of his marriage, which was covered in lurid detail on a day-by-day basis by the English language press. Nine days after, the Trudeau government imposed a 40-cent tax on every barrel of Canadian oil exported to the United States to combat rising inflation and oil prices. Trudeau's life was also depicted in two CBC Television mini-series. Although he aligned himself with the social democratic New Democratic Party, he felt that they could not achieve power, and instead joined the Liberal Party. Trudeau remains well regarded by many Canadians. Trudeau was the first world leader to meet John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono on their 1969 "tour for world peace". In his application he wrote that he had prepared for public office by studying public speaking and publishing many articles in Brbeuf. Trudeau's Death. [21] In his first year at university, the prime topics of conversation were the Battle of France, the Battle of Britain, and the London blitz. Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau PC CC CH QC FRSC (/trudo, trudo/ TROO-doh, troo-DOH, French:[pj tydo]; October 18, 1919 September 28, 2000), also referred to by his initials PET,[1][2][3] was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984. [202] Years later, on a train trip through Salmon Arm, British Columbia, he "gave the finger" to a group of protesters through the carriage window less widely remembered is that the protesters were shouting anti-French slogans at the train.[203]. After his appointment as prime minister, he won the 1968, 1972, and 1974 elections, before narrowly losing in 1979. His flamboyant and charismatic personality meshed well with the changing attitudes and opinions of the late 1960s. The diplomat Marcel Cadieux accused Trudeau of being "ne semble pas croire du tout au danger sovitique". As of mid-2016, sources estimate a net worth that is at $12 million, mostly accumulated through a successful career in politics. His death sparked an outpouring of public mourning rarely seen in Canada. ", "Forty years on, Trudeaumania still lives", "Omnibus Bill: 'There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation', "PM Trudeau won't let 'em rain on his parade", "2000: Justin Trudeau delivers eulogy for his father Pierre", "Confessions of a mobster: 'My job was to kill Pierre Trudeau', "Castro mourns for Trudeau, who stood up for him", "Closest friends surprised by Trudeau revelations", "October Crisis Timeline: Key Events in the October Crisis in Canada", Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 19191944, Pierre Trudeau Parliament of Canada biography, CBC Digital ArchivesPierre Elliott Trudeau: Philosopher and Prime Minister, Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada, Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General, The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord, 19471948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, United States involvement in regime change, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Trudeau&oldid=1142424728, Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec, Canadian Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Universit de Montral Faculty of Law alumni, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Articles to be expanded from February 2022, All Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed, Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from May 2016, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2012, Articles with dead external links from May 2022, National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, As a Minister of the Crown and an elected Member of the, He was granted arms, crest, and supporters by the. A number of African Commonwealth nations led by President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania threatened to leave the Commonwealth if Britain continued with the arms sales to South Africa. [13] After her husband died, she left the management of her inheritance to others and spent a lot of her time working for the Roman Catholic Church and various charities, travelling frequently to New York, Florida, Europe, and Maine, sometimes with her children. [42] According to The Economist, when Trudeau returned to Canada in 1949 after an absence of five years, his mind was "seemingly broadened" from his studying at Harvard, the Institut d'tudes Politiques, and the LSE and his travels. AIR Awareness Outreach; AIR Business Lunch & Learn; AIR Community of Kindness; AIR Dogs: Paws For Minds AIR Hero AIR & NJAMHAA Conference Many credit his actions during the October Crisis as crucial in terminating the Front de libration du Qubec (FLQ) as a force in Quebec, and ensuring that the campaign for Quebec separatism took a democratic and peaceful route. During the convention, prominent Cabinet Minister Judy LaMarsh was caught on television profanely stating that Trudeau wasn't a Liberal. During a visit to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on July 17, 1969, Trudeau met with a group of farmers who were protesting the Canadian Wheat Board. In 1963, Trudeau criticized the Liberal Party of Lester Pearson when it supported arming Bomarc missiles in Canada with nuclear warheads. Canada more than ever welcomed American investments during the "stagflation" (high inflation and high unemployment at the same time) that hurt both nations in the 1970s. [75], Partially in an attempt to shore up his support, Bourassa called a surprise election in 1976 that resulted in Ren Lvesque and the Parti Qubcois (PQ) winning a majority government. ("Long Live Cuba! They changed for the better when Trudeau and President Jimmy Carter (197781) found a better rapport. On 19 February 1969, the Chinese finally responded and agreed to open talks in Stockholm on establishing diplomatic relations, which began on 3 April 1969. [101] The way that Canada cut its NATO contributions by 50% caused tensions with other NATO allies with the British government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson making a public protest at the cuts. Court challenges based on the Charter have been used to advance the cause of women's equality, establish French school boards in provinces with majority anglophone populations, and provide constitutional protection to English school boards in Quebec. As minister, Trudeau embraced social liberalism; his two most notable achievements were decriminalizing homosexual acts and legalizing abortion. [151][152] In his budget speech, MacEachen said that the global oil price shocksin 1973 and again in 1979had caused a "sharp renewal of inflationary forces and real income losses" in Canada and in the industrial worldThey are not just Canadian problems they are world-wide problems. [14] From his earliest years, Trudeau was fluently bilingual, which would later prove to be a "big asset for a politician in bilingual Canada. Despite his personal motto, "Reason before passion",[4] Trudeau's personality and policy decisions aroused polarizing reactions throughout Canada during his time in office. [111] After meeting Schmidt, Trudeau performed a volte-face on NATO, speaking at a press conference of how much he valued NATO as an alliance that was established for collective security in Europe. [123][122], During the Nigerian Civil War, Canada as a member of the Commonwealth was expected to take a stand on what was happening within a fellow Commonwealth nation. [175][176] While a serious romantic relationship, there was no express marriage proposal, contrary to one contemporary published report. Sarah Elisabeth Coyne was just 9 when her father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau died. The Quebec government potentially could have been allowed to pass any law short of secession to protect Quebec's constitutional right to be a "distinct society". Dubbed the "three wise men" by the media, they ran successfully for the Liberals in the 1965 election. To many westerners, Trudeau's policies seemed to favour other parts of the country, especially Ontario and Qubec, at their expense. [114] By contrast, the West German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher gave Trudeau a firm promise of West German support for an EEC-Canadian economic agreement. "[15] As a teenager, he attended the Jesuit French-language Collge Jean-de-Brbeuf, a prestigious secondary school known for educating elite francophone families in Quebec. [172], Although never publicly theological in the way of Margaret Thatcher or Tony Blair, nor evangelical, in the way of Jimmy Carter or George W. Bush, Trudeau's spirituality, according to Michael W. Higgins, "suffused, anchored, and directed his inner life. Provincially, though, Qubcois twice elected the pro-sovereignty Parti Qubcois. [164] Though he rarely gave speeches or spoke to the press, his interventions into public debate had a significant impact when they occurred. In January 1976, Trudeau visited Cuba to meet Castro and shouted to a crowd in Havana "Viva Cuba! [84] After the 19681969 and 19691970 fiscal year budgets, the Trudeau government began running deficits over $1 billion, eliminating Canada's balanced budget. [118] Trudeau expected the negotiations to be a mere formality, but relations were not finally established until October 1970. According to its filings with the Canada Revenue Agency, it received $53,018 in 2014 and $428,265 in 2015. Peter Lougheed, then premier of Alberta, entered into tough negotiations with Trudeau and they reached a revenue-sharing agreement on energy in 1982. [170], Michael W. Higgins, a former President of Catholic St. Thomas University, researched Trudeau's spirituality and finds that it incorporated elements of three Catholic traditions. Justin Trudeau, left, and father Pierre at Kokanee Lake, B.C. [200][201] The CBC's special on The Greatest Canadian saw him ranked as the third greatest Canadian of all time, behind Tommy Douglas and Terry Fox, from the over 1.2 million votes cast by watchers of the program.